A Look At The History Of Professional Wrestling

By Rhea Solomon


The history of professional wrestling is a history of sport as entertainment. Matches are preplanned with an agreed upon outcome. It combines theater and athletic skills including striking attacks, strength based holds and throws, acrobatic maneuvers, and improvised weaponry. A masculine soap opera, it's often a battle between good and evil. Like in the real world, evil sometimes win, but good returns for another battle. Add hot chicks and you have blockbuster entertainment.

Wrestling is loved by fans, and hated by its detractors for violence and phony battles. Story lines are built around big, mean looking guys. Rules are broken. Cheating is commonplace. Audiences are encouraged to jeer and cheer. Fans find the story immensely entertaining. And no audience fights break out in the stadium, or the parking lot.

Throughout history, fighting has been a popular form of entertainment. Traveling brawlers were especially popular in Europe in the 19th century. In North America carnival fighters challenged local brawlers to prove themselves in the ring. The carnival strongman was trained in holds and throws, and was not above a little cheating. Betting was fast and furious with townspeople usually betting on their homegrown hero who almost always lost the match.

As popularity grew, events were held in arenas mimicking boxing matches. In the late 19th century, local and regional promoters established their own championship stories and belts. The NWA, a loose association of regional promoters, was formed in 1901.

In the 1920's we first see catch matches, time limits, signature moves, and tag team events. Distracting the referee to win a fight by cheating was popularized around this time. Promoters began signing wrestlers to contracts. With exciting well-known characters, promoters could spin a story line that kept fans waiting for the return engagement.

The 30's saw lots of competition. Promoters fought for territory and the best talent. The NWA used its influence to establish informal agreements among promoters. Territories were established. Promoters looked for new talent, but didn't try to steal wrestlers signed with other promoters. A national championship was established.

The rise of the television in the 40's and 50's saw a corresponding rise in popularity and revenue for promoters and wrestlers. It also marked the end of the gentlemen's agreements established by the NWA, and began a new era of competition. Vince McMahon, the CEO of WWF, was an aggressive and very successful businessman. He sought and signed lucrative TV deals and bought out most of his regional competitors. The WWF, renamed WWE in 2002, is currently the largest promoter in the U. S.

Wrestlers as stuntmen were the creation of ECW. Wrestlers leaping from the top rope would crash into tables. They attacked their opponent with chairs. ECW staged the first ladder match. They were bought out by the WWF who saw the entertainment value in extreme stunts.

TNA, Ring of Honor, and Combat Zone Wrestling remain top name promoters in the U. S. In Mexico, top honors go to Asistencia Asesoria Y Administracion and Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre. Large associations in Japan are All Japan Pro Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Noah, and New Japan Pro Wrestling.

The history of professional wrestling is the story of a rags to riches business. This billion dollar industry profits from ticket sales, televised matches, internet shows, video sales, and branded merchandise. Popular wrestlers are celebrities, especially popular in North and Central America, Japan, and Brazil. The WWE has 13 million fans in 150 countries.




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